Planing-machine.



No. 70I,l04. Patented May 27, |902.

J. R. THOMAS. PLANING MACHINE. (Application led Mar. 5, 1900.) (no Model.) s sheets-sheet s.

No. 70|,|04. Patenten May 2&7, |902.

J. B. THOMAS.

PLANING MACHINE. (Applicati-on led Mar. 5, 1900.)

No. 7UI,IO4. Patented May 27, |902.

.|.n.,rHoMAs.

PLANING MACHINE.

(Application led Mar. 5, 1900.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

TN: Nonms PETERS co., worumo.. wAsmNaYaN, n. cy

` No. 70I,I04. Patented May 27, |902.

J. B. THOMAS.

PLANING MACHINE.

(Application myd Mu. 5, 1900.)

6 Sheets-sheet 4.

(No Model.)

@$2 :faz-fori l i y?,

No. 7m,|o4. Patented may 427, |902.

J. n. THomAs.

PLANING MACHINE.

(Application med Mgr. 5, 1900.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Modl.)

No. 70|,|04. I Patentd May 27, i902.

J. R. THOMAS.

PLANING MACHINE.

(Application led Mar. 5, 1900.)

m: Norms PETERS a. vnomuwo.. wnsnmcn'oN. t?. c.

Nrrnn Stains ATENT OFFICE.

JOHN R. THOMAS, OF CINCINNATI, OIIIO, ASSIGNOR TO J. A. FAY da EGAN COMPANY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA.

PLANING-VIACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 701,104, dated May 27, 1902. Application tiled March 5,1900. Serial N0. 7,295. (No model.)

ro larly to so-called doublesurfacers,7 and to,v

flooring-machines.

For convenience I shall hereinafter refer to that side of stock which appears to view after being attached to the ioor or other-structure as its face and to the other as the reverse side.

The grade of flooring or other stock depends largely on the absence of sap in the face of the same after being planed and on zo the clearness of the face and freedom thereof from blemish. The less blemish and sap and greater clearness shown bythe face of the iiooring or other stock the higher it will grade and the greater will be the price.

It has heretofore been the general practice in machines of this character to plane to a thickness by means of the upper cutter-head, the upper rolls being yielding to differences in thickness of stock, the upper cutter-head 3o cutting away all surplus material to reduce the stock to a thickness, and the lower cutter-head taking but a slight cut to reduce the lower side of the material to a smooth surface.

In practice the operator can judge which side of a piece of materialshould turn out the highest gradethat is, one side of a piece of stock may show much sap, for instance, and the other side very little, before the piece of 4o material is planed. If, however, the face showing the least sap and the highest grade is fed through the construction of machine in general use heretofore face upward by the operator, the piece of material is liable to come out of the machine of a greatly-inferior grade owing to the greater andhneven cutbeing taken by the upper cutter-head, thereby exposing sap not appearing on the original surface, because the upper cutter-head 5o reduces the stock to thickness by taking off the uneven parts. In practice lumber is often comparatively thin at one end, tapering to a substantial thickness at the other, the exposure of sap in such cases being often very great. In some old constructions operators have therefore been instructed to feed the stock through the machine face down, because in those constructions the lower cutterhead took but a slight cut and did not expose the sap under the surface of the board being 6o fed to an appreciable extentan inconvenient method, because after viewing the stock and deciding which face was the better the operator was obliged to once more turn the stock to face downward, and sometimes end for end, so as to cut with the grain, a double operation and therefore disregarded by the operator in practice in spite of instructions given. Another andV more general practice has been to feed the stock through the ma-A 7o chine with the nish-face upward; but the upper cutter-head taking the greatest cut here also and reducing 'the stock to a thickness the stock when it left the machine was of a substantially different grade from what 7 5 it appeared to be when it entered, owing to the different thicknesses of cut made by the upper cylinder to reduce the piece to thickness.

I obviate the objections above mentioned 8o by providing a machine in which the stock may be conveniently fed face upward through the machine, may be reduced to thickness from its reverse side, and have but a slight cut taken from its face after having been re- 8 5 duced to a thickness so asto leave the material of substantially'the grade it was when it entered. I therefore provide a machine in which the lower roll or rolls of the feeding-in pair or pairs of feed-rolls are given a yield to go different thicknesses of stock and preferably provide a work-support at the feeding-Ain end of the machine (which I shall hereinafter call a feeding-in work-support, table, or bed) below the horizontal plane of cut of they lower cutter-head, and provide the uppergroll or rolls of the feeding-in pair or pairs of feedrolls with rigid bearings, preferably in a substantial housing connecting with long ways in the main frame to withstand the thrust of me the lower rolls and stockand possessing the other improvements and advantages hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

My invention consists in providing a machine of the character described with a lower roll or rolls of a feeding-in pair or pairs of rolls capable of yield to inequalities in the stock; further, in mounting said roll or rolls at the feeding-in end of the machine in such manner as to cause the same to yield in parallel lines pivotally from the driving-shaft of the same and allowing for full variation in the stock fed into a machine of the character described; further, in providing an upper roll or rolls of the feeding-in pair or pairs with rigid bearings in a substantial housing connecting withlong ways of the main frame to successfully and easily withstand the thrust of the lower roll or rolls and stock thereagainst inftheoperation of the machine and to prevent sidewise displacement of the rolls and insure parallelism in the rolls when feeding the stock; further, in providing a feedingin table or work-support located substantially below the normal horizontal plane of the upper edge of the lower rolls and substantially below the horizontal plane of cut of the lower cutter-head; further, in the novel construetion for the combined hanging of the weighting devieesfor the lower feeding-in roll and the chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head; further, in the novel constructions of chipbreakers; further, in the novel construction and arrangement of feeding,cutting,and pressure agencies, whereby smoothness and high grade'in product is assured, and, further, in the parts and in the construction, arrangement, and combinations of parts hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation ofV my improved device with the ends of the frame broken away. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the lower-cutter-head supporting-saddle. Fig. v5 is a plan view of one end of the same, with the cutter-head bearing broken away. Fig. 6 is a plan view of one end of the upper-cutter-head housing and connections,

with the cutter-head bearing broken away.

Fig. 7 is a section of the same on ,the line xx of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the lower-cutter-head saddle. Fig. 9 is a detail of the same in section on the'line 'y 'y of Fig. 4. i Fig. 10 is a plan view detail, partly in section, of the combined weighting arrangement for the second lower feeding-in roll and the chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head. Fig. 11 is a transverse section on the line of: of Fig. 1', showingv the swinging frame above the lower cutter-head and surrounding parts. Fig.j 12 is a perspective View of the eyebolt.

' Fig. 13 is a detail, partly in section, illustrating the support for the swinging frame; and Fig. 14 is a detail in plan View of the same with the eyebolt omitted.

A represents the frame of the machine, in

which I mount horizontal cutter-heads B B'. Vertical cutter-spindles C C' may also be provided. In advance of the horizontal cutterheads I mount one or more pairs of suitable feeding-in rolls, and in advance of these a depressed feeding-in table, bed, or work-support. Of the rolls Ihave shown two pairs D D and E E. The feeding-in table I mark F. The upper rolls of the pairs are mounted in a housing 1, extending'transversely of the machine and provided at each end thereof with extended sides'2, having slides 3 taking into preferably gibbed ways 4 at both sides of the frame. The ways extend preferably substantially the entire height of the frame, with the sides of the housing, when the latter is in lowered position, extending Very nearly to the bottom of the frame, the housing itself being a massive and substantial structure with the long ways connecting with the frame, giving it additional rigidity and preventing sidewise displacement and give when the rolls are operating to feed the stock. To increase the rigidity of the housing in operation, I provide the frame, at each side thereof, with an upward extension 5, in which the ways 4 are continued. The housing is raised and lowered by means of screw-shafts 6, located at the ends of the housing and r0- tatively secured, but longitudinally stationary with relation thereto. The screw-shafts are journaled in the housing in bearings A7 and 8 and secured against endwise movement by means of a gear 9 and a collar 10. The screw shaft takes into an internallythreaded lug 1l on the frame, and when it is turned it raises and lowers therein on the threads, and thereby raisesV and lowers the housing. One of the screw-shafts is preferably located at each end of the housing, each carrying a gear 9, with the gears interconnected by means of pinions 15 on a trans-` verse shaft 16, mounted in bearings 17 onv the housing and turned by a hand-wheel 18. rIhe housings support bearings 2l 22 for the rolls D E, which bearings are rigid with relation to the housing. I have shown them integral with the housing. The rolls D E have shafts 23 24 and carry gears 25 26, a gear preferably at each end of the roll D. The gears 25 26 are connected by a transmitting-gear 27, mounted on a shaft or stud 28'. The rolls are operated from a feed-shaft 3l, receiving motion from a suitable source of power and carrying a pinion 32, meshing with a gear 33 on a shaft 34, which carries a pinion 35, meshing with a transmitting-gear 3G on a shaft 37. The transmitting-gear operates a gear 33v on a shaft 39, the latter carrying gears 40, preferably one toward each end thereof, a transmitting-gear 41 communicating motion from each of the latter gears to the gear 25 of the Iirst upper feed-roll, which transmitting-gear forms part of an eX- pansion device 42, comprising said gear and a link 43, pivoted about the' shaft 39, and a link 44, pivoted about the iirst roll gear-shaft,

lOO

the other ends of the links pivoting about a shaft 45, on which the gear 4l is mounted. In the construction shown and described the feed-rolls D and E are rotated with their lower faces moving from the feeding-in toward the feeding-out end of the machine, and the force of the feed exerted on each roll is directed toward the stock, the direction of rotation of the roll and gears communicating directly therewith being indicated by arrows. (See Fig. 3.) The expansion device for accommodating the gearing for the raising and lowering of the housing is located to one side of the housing to accomplish the purposes mentioned. An expansion device is preferably provided for each end of the rolls.

The lower feeding-roll D is mounted in a housing 5l, as on a shaft 52, journaled in bearings 53 in the housing. The housing is hung about the shaft 39 at each end, as on bearings 54, taking thereabout. The lower roll also carries a gear 55, preferably at each end, which meshes with the gear 40. It will thus be seen that the rolls D D' and E are operated by means of the shaft 39.

A rock-shaft 56 is sleeved in a bearing 57, journaled in the frame in a bearing 58. It carries an arm 6l, communicating with the lower roll-housing by means of a link 62, pivoted to the arm and the housing. Que of the arms and link connections is preferably at each end of the roll-housing. An arm 63 is also secured to the rock-shaft connecting with a pressure-lever 64 by means of a link 65. The rock-shaft 56 may be made angling in cross-section, with the arms 6l and 63 taking thereabout, the arms being provided with openings to correspond in contour to the rockshaft. The pressure-lever may be pivoted to the frame at 66 and carry weights 67. Each of the lower feeding-in rolls is preferably provided with one of the pressure devices described. Y

The roll E is mounted in a similar manner to the roll D, but preferably driven by but one gear, the corresponding parts being indicated by similar numerals, but with an eX- ponent The roll E is operated through the medium of thetransrnitting-gear 36, meshing with a gear 38 of the shaft 39', which latter also carries a gear 40', connecting with the roll-gear 55. The rotation of the rolls D and E is such that the feeding-in face of the roll toward the stock will be propelled in a direction toward the stock. The direction of the force of the propelling-gears for the rolls is such that the force of the feed is always toward the stock to insure intimate contact between the rolls and the stock, thereby utilizing the full force of the feed.

IV mount the lower cutter-head B ou a saddle 68, guided by ways 69 in a frame and given adjustment with relation to the worksupport by means of set-bolts 70, preferably at each side of the machine. A shavingchute 7l moves with the saddle and directs the shavings from the cutter-head to an opening 72 in the side ofl the frame, from whence they are carried awayin the ordinary manner. The shaving-chute is preferably a part of the saddle. The saddle has ways 73, in which a cutter-head yoke 74 may slide transversely of the frame. A worm-wheel 75 is located in the saddle between bearings 76v for a shaft 78 and meshes with a wormrack 77 on the cutter-head yoke, a depression being provided in the saddle to allow the passage of the rack. A shaft 78, splined to the worm-wheel, is seated in a depending lug 78 on the yoke and is drawn longitudinally with the yoke, but continues to turn the 'worm-wheel by reason of its spline connection therewith. It has a suitable seat at its outer end for the reception of a wrench. When the worm-wheel is turned, the cutterhead, with a pressure-bar therefor, hereinafter described, is drawn longitudinally to expose the parts or remove them entirely for attention of the knives, repair or adjustment of the parts, or other purposes.

The cutter-head yoke 74 has bearings 79 for the cutter-head B. The yoke also has upright ways 80, in which a pressure-bar 8l after the cut of the lower cutter-head may be adjusted up or down, as bymeans of bolts 82 taking through the pressure-bar and seat` ing on the yoke. The'pressure-bar may have a foot 83 adjustable to and from the cutterhead by means of screws 84 taking through slots 85 in the foot into the pressure-bar. In front of the cutter-head the saddle 68 has upwardly-extending sides 86, to which I secure plates 87, provided with slots 88, although the slots may be made as part of the saddle. The slots I prefer to make concentric to the circle of cut of the cutter-head, so as to guide the chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head about the latter in concentric lines. The slots preferably face each other between the sides 68. A chip-breaker 89 is led into the slots, lugs 90 thereon taking into the same. The chip-breaker is given adjustment to and away from the cutter-head, preferably by havingits foot 91 made as asepar'afe piece adjustable on the chip-breaker frame, as by means of a bolt 92 at each end thereof taking through a slot 93 into the chip-breaker frame.

There is an opening at the chip-breaker side of the saddle and yoke, as indicated at 96, Figs. 3 and 8, with a transverse apron 96' to allow the tail of the chip-breaker to take into the opening when depressed by the stock. As the chip-breaker is only about the length of the cutter-head proper and the saddle and ways for the yoke extend a substantial distance to either side of the cutter-head proper, this clearance is very readily permitted.

A lug 94 is adapted to be bolted to the chipbreaker at each end after its insertion into the slots 88 and is adapted to serve as a contact-face for striking a lug or girth 95 on the saddle to limit the upward movement of the chip-breaker. There may be an adjusting- IOC) IIO

bolt between the contact parts for regulating the limit of rise of the chip-breaker.

The chip-breaker is yieldingly held up to its work in the following manner: The rockshaft 56 has a sleeve 101 thereon,which sleeve may be formed by the hub of an arm-secured thereto. A lever 102 is rockin gly hung about the sleeve and connects with the chip-breaker by means of a link 103. The lever may have an elongated central portion to take about the sleeve, with a link at each end connecting with the respective ends of the chipbreaker. The lever 102 also carries a weight This construction gives-the lever connecting with the roll-housing and the lever connecting with the chip-breaker independent movement about the same axis, so that the roll or chip-breaker may yield independently to pressure thereon and allows the feedroll and cutter-head to be brought close tol gether with a concentrically-yielding chipbreaker for the cutter-head, important features in doing smooth and accurate work. It will thus be seen that I mount'the lower cutter-head, with its chip-breaker and its pressure-bar, in a saddle given adjustment to and `from the work-support, so as to regulate the depth of cut and plane of cut with relation vto the plane of the feeding-table beyond the cut of the lower cutter-head so that there may be neither play nor binding betweenthe stock and the work-support after the cut made by the lower cutter-head. I also provide means for ready longitudinal removal of the lower cutter-head, Wit-hits pressure-bar, sidewise from the saddle and through the main frame.

120 in the pressure-plate housing.

Thefupward movement of the lower rolls may be `limited by means of set-bolts 111, secured by jam-nuts.` The set-bolts may take through lugs in the frame against the roll bearings or housings.'

I provide an independent pressure-plate 113 above the lower cutter-head, which may have an idler-roll 114 at its feeding-in side. The pressure-platei113 is preferably slidingly secured in a housing 115, wherein it is adjusted in suitable manner by means of a handwheel 116, communicating with the pressureplate by means of suitable gears and adjusting-screws to raise and lower the pressureplate with relation to the lower cutter-head. The pressure-plate housing may be swung away from the cutter-head to expose the cutters upwardly on a pivot or bolt 117 and be secured in place by means of a jam-nut 118 on a pivoted bolt 119, taking through a slot The bolt 117 takes through a lug 201, extending from the frame,.and is threaded into a lug 202, eX- tending from the upright 122. The housing 115 at each sidehas grooves 203 to receive the bolts 117. The bolt 119 has an eye 204 taking about the pivot-bolt, on which it may be swung. If it is desired to swing the housing 115, the nut 118 is loosened to enable the eyebolt 119 to be yswung sidewardly to release the housing, when the housing may be lifted from the bolt 117 on one side thereof and swung upon the bolt 117 at the other side thereof, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. l1, the eyebolt when in upright position and taking through the slot 120, with the nut screwed down, acting to hold the housing 115 upon the bolt 117 to permit of its being swung.

The upper cutter-head B may be journaled in a housing 121, adapted to be raised and lowered with relation to the frame on an upright or uprights 122 by means of screw-shafts 123, of which one may be at each end of the housing, screwing into threaded lugs 124 on the housing. The screw-shafts at each end of the housing may be interconnected by a shaft 125 and gears 126 and 127. The shaft 125 may be turned by a suitable'wrench adapted to be seated thereon. After adjustment the housing may be secured firmly With relation to the upright, as by means of T-bolts 128 and nuts 129, connecting the housing to the uprights. Toward each end of the housing I provide the latter ywith an extension 131, (see Figs. 6 and 7,) carrying suitable chip-breaker-supporting yagencies, for the upper cutter-head. I mount thereon a chipbreaker housing 135, in which I pivotally mount links 136 and 137. The link 136 is preferably curved to take about the cutterhead bearing and is pivoted to the housing at 138. 'Ihelinks 137 preferably take about a shaft or rod 139, mounted in the housing. The links 136 and 137 'pivotally connect, respectively, at 140 and 141 with a chip-breaker 142. I prefer to interconnect the link 137 at each end of the chip-breaker bymeans of a shank 132. A seat 133 on thechip-breaker may strike a lug 134 on the extension to limit the downward movement ofthe chip-breaker, and an adjusting-bolt to regulate the downward movement may also be provided. The link 137 may have an extension 130, forming a lever, with the rod 139 as its fulcrum. A link 143 projects therefrom past a lug 144 on IOO IIO

they housing, with a spring 107 taking therecomplish byA pivotally hanging the chip-' breaker as described. I add to this adv-antage the advantage of having the chip-breaker rise with its heel, sole, and toe maintained relatively in substantially the same horizontal IIS relative planes throughout the ordinary limits of the cut, so that their correlation. may always be the same with reference to the stock.

When a piece of stock impinges against the chip-breaker, it will raise the chip-breaker, so that the latter will rise thereon throughout the ordinary limits ot' the cut with the chip-breaker maintained in relatively the same vertical position to the stock, this being accomplished by the peculiar hanging arrangement whicl I employ operating as described. The chip-breaker housing 135 may be given adjustment to and from the cutterhead by having bolts 14S take through slots 149 to relatively secure the housing and eX- tensions, so as to adjust the toe of the chipbreaker with relation to the cutter-head.

The adjustable spring-pressure I employ serves the useful purpose of giving the chipbreakera yielding pressure against the stock in addition to its weight, which may be regulated for differences in cut and stock.

The upper cutter-head is journaled in bea rings 151 in the housing 121. Across-girth 152 extends beyond the cutter-head and is provided withoneormore brackets153,which may be given a transverse adjustment and vertical adjustment, as by means of T-bolts 154, sliding in a groove 155 in the cross-girth and taking through a slot 156 in the bracket and having a nut 157 to secure the parts in place. A pressure-bar 161 may also be provided for the upper cutter-head and slide in slides 162 in the cross-girth, which latter is given an adjustment to and from the cutter-head by having bolts 164 take through slots 165 in t-he cross-girth and into the cutter-head housing. A vertical adjustment is given the pressurebar by means of set-screws 166, arranged to raise and lower the pressure-bar 161 in the grooves 162.

Transverse adjustment may be given the vertical spindles C C, as by means of adjusting-screws 167 16S, and after adjustment the hangers of the spindles may be firmly secured in any suitable manner.

One or more pressure-feet 171 may be provided to take against the stock between the vertical spindles. The latter may be secured to a cross-girth 172, secured with relation to the frame on posts 173. The pressure-feet may be given horizontal and vertical adjustment, as by means of a T-bolt 174, slidingin a groove 175 in the cross-girth and taking through a slot 176 in the upright 177 of the pressure-foot and secured in place by a nut 17S. The feeding-in end of the pressure-foot may be provided with an inclined face 179 to lead the stock thereunder. A set-bolt 180 is for the purpose of giving the pressure-foot rigidity from the cutter-head housing. It is of course obvious that the bracket 153 and the pressure-foot 171 may be transposed. The parts are given rigidity and the stock held rmly to the bed between the vertical spindles, there beinga continuous connection above the stock between the vertical spindles direct from the upper cutter-head housing to the frame, insuring rigidity without danger of disturbing any of the operating parts.

In my construction, as stated, I am enabled to feed the stock through the machine, irrespective of substantial variations in its thickness, with its face upward and with the upper cutter-heads taking but a slight finishing cut off the stock, the principal cut-that is, the cut to thickness of stock-being taken by the lower cutter-head, with the feeding-in roll and the feeding-in chip-breaker arranged to yield to a substantial extent to accommodate any variations in practice in the thicknesses of stock. I provide lower feeding-in rolls and a feeding-in chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head, with the normal position of their contact-face with the stock preferably substantially above the feeding-in work-support or table, so as to allow for a substantial yield ofthe lower feeding-in rolls to variations in the stock and to accommodate stock of substantiallyditferentorvaryingthicknesses. I provide substantial upper feed-works and pressure agencies rigid with relation to the frame and connected with the frame by extended ways, giving strength and rigidity and preventing sidewise motion or play, the upper rigid line of contact determining theline of travel and cut of the stock.

I have denoted the depressed feeding-in table or work-support by the letter F, the table or bed being continued to rear of the lower cutter-head by a raised table or bed F', forming a stepped table, with the feeding-in end F thereof in a plane substantially below the part F', located beyond the lowercutter-head. I also provide a stepped gage 181, having a depending part 182 above the depressed feeding-in end of the work-support and connecting therewith and adjustable transversely with relation thereto in any suitable manner, as by bolt connections 183, taking into slots 184 in the bed. The stepped gage allows the stock to be fed thereagainst at the feeding-in end of the work-support and maintains the stock in transverse position with relation to the bed when the stock reaches the feeding-in roll, and is raised thereby at the step 185 of the gage against the upper rigid feed-roll, the stepped gage allowing the stock to be raised while contacting with a continuous vertical face extending from the depressed feeding-in table upwardly and rearwardly beyond the lower feeding-in rolls. The stepped gage preferably extends from the feeding-in end ,of the work-support through the machine past the horizontal cutting agencies.

In the drawings the rolls and upper line of contact parts are shown at considerable height to more clearly show theparts; but in the usual run of stock they are brought down to within an inch or two of the normal plane of the lower cutting agency.`

The general preferred arrangement of my improved device, therefore, is a depressed feeding-in table followed by lower feeding-in roll, or rolls capable of substantial yield, followed by a lower cutter-head to cut the stock to thickness provided at its feeding-in side IOO IZO

with a substantially yielding chip-breaker, followed by a raised rigid part of the table .for the stock over which the stock passes after having been reduced to a thickness and while passing thereover is acted upon by the upper cutter-head to plane the face side and the vertical spindle-cutters to cut the edges of the stock, the stock taking against and guided by an upper line of rigid contact-faces for feeding and guiding the stock, with a stepped gage for the edge of the stock to determine its transverse position on the stepped work-support and guide it while passing from the depressed to the raised portion of the work-support, with the other improvements shown and described by me. Suitable feeding-out rolls may also be provided.

1t is obvious that changes may be made in the constructions I have preferred to show without departing from the spirit of my invention. v

I claiml. In a planing-machine, the combination with a lower cutter-head, of a lower chipbreaker therefor and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to be depressed below their normal height by the stock, with means for permitting the chip-breaker to be adjusted with and independently of the lower cutter-head, an upper cutter-head, and upper feeding and contact faces for the stock comprising upper feeding-in roll and a pressure device above the lower cutter-head secured against upward yield.

2. In a planing-machine, the combination with the frame, of a lower cutter-head and an upper feeding-in roll normally positioned unyieldingly in height, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to be held against the stock under yielding pressure, with an adjustable saddle for supporting the lower cutter-head and a chip-breaker therefor, with lthe chipbreaker adjustable with and independently of the saddle, and arranged to be held against the stock under yielding pressure.

3. In a planing-machine, the combination with the frame, of a lower cutter-head and an upper feeding-in roll normally held against yield in height, a lower feeding-in roll arranged to be held against the stock with yielding pressure, an adjustable saddle for the lower cutter-head, with the lower cutter-head and a chip-breaker therefor supported by the saddle, and the chip-breaker adjustable with and independently of the saddle and arranged to be held against the stock with yielding pressure, and a foot for the chip-breaker adjustable to and from the cutter-head.

4. In a planing-machine, the combination with the frame, of a lower cutter-head and an upper feeding-in roll normally held against yielding movement, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield through pressure of the stock, with an adjustable saddle, a yoke therefor on which the lower ycutter-head is mounted, a lower chip-breaker supported by the saddle, with the yoke slidable on the saddle transversely of the frame and the chip-` breaker adjustable with and independently of the saddle and arranged to yield to pressure of the stock.

5. In a planing-machine, the combination with the frame, of a lower yielding feedingroll, a lower cutter-head, with a chip-breaker therefor, an arm for the chip-breaker and an arm for the lower yielding feeding-roll having their axes in the same planes,with pressure devices for independently yieldingly raising the lower feeding-roll and the chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head.

6. In a planing-machine, the combination with the frame, of a lower cutter head, a lower yielding feed-roll, a chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head, with a pressure-lever for the lower yielding feed-roll and a pressure-lever for the chip-breaker, and a rod or shaft about which said levers are fulcrumed forindependently yieldinglyholding thelower yielding roll and the chip-breaker against the stock.

7. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head, a roll-housing extending transversely of the frame, au upper feeding-in rollwith bearings rigid with relation to the housing, and long ways connecting the "housing and the frame at each side of the frame and extending substantially the entire height of the frame, with a lower feeding-in roll arranged to be depressed bodily by the stock taking through the machine to substantial extent below the line of cut of the lower cutter-head, substan tially as described.

8. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head, a roll-housing extending transversely of the frame, an upper feeding-in roll with bearings rigid with relation to the housing, and long ways connecting the housing and the frame at each side of the frame and extending substantially the entire height of the frame, with a lower feeding-in roll and a chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head arranged to be depressed bodily by the stock taking through the machine to substantial extent below the line of cut of the lower cutter-head, substantially as described.

9. In a planing-machine, the combination j of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield to substantial extent below the hori- Zontal plane of the cut of the lower cutterhead, with an adjustable saddle for supporting the lower cutter-head, and a chip-breaker therefor, with the chip-breaker adjustable with the same and arranged to yield to substantial extent below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutter-head independently of the latter, substantially as described.

l0. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged IOO IIO

to yield to substantial extent below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutterhead, with an adjustable saddle for the lower cutter-head, with the lower cutter-head and a chip-breaker therefor supported by the saddle, with the chip-breaker adjustable with andindependently of the saddle and arranged to yield to substantial extent below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutterhead independently of the latter, with a separablefoot for the chip-breaker adjustable to and from the cutter-head, substantially as described.

ll. In a planing-machine, the combination of aframe, a lowercutter-head with axisrigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with` axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield to substantial extent below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutterhead, with an adjustable saddle forthe lower cutter-head, with the lower cutter-head and a chip-breaker therefor supported by the saddle, with the chip-breaker adjustable with and independently ofthe saddle and arranged to yield to substantial extent below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutterhead independently of the latter, with a toe for the chip-breaker movable with relation thereto, with means for adjusting the toe to and from the vertical plane of the cutterhead, substantially as described.

l2. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feeding-in roll with axis rigid withrelation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield to substantial extent below thehorizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutterhead, with an adjustable saddle for the lower cutter-head, with the lower cutter-head and a chip-breaker therefor supported by the saddle, with the chip-breaker adjustable with and independently of the saddle and arranged to yieldV to substantial extentbelow the horizontal plane ofthe cut of the lower cutterhead independently of the latter, with a toe for the chip-breaker movable with relation thereto, with means for adjusting the toe to and from the vertical plane of the cutter-head, and means for adjusting thelimit of upward movement of the chip-breaker, substantially as described.

13. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutter-head, with a saddle in the frame, a yoke slidably mounted on the saddle, with the lower cutter-head journaled in the `yoke, a pressure-foot for the cutter-head mounted in the yoke, means for adjusting the saddle with its yoke, cutter-head and pressure-bar simultaneously, an opening in the side of the frame, with a shaft for Jforcing the arranged for forcingl the yoke with its cutterhead and pressure-foot sidewise of the saddle for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantially as described.

l5. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in, roll arranged to yield below the horizontal planeof the cut of the lower cutter-head, with an adjustable saddle for the lower cutter-headvwith a yoke for the cutter-head slidinglongitudinally with relation tothe saddle, and the lower cutter head mounted in the yoke, ways in the yoke, with a pressure-bar for the lower cutter-head adjustable in the ways, with means for permitting the sidewise lmovement of the yoke sidewise for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the frame, substantially as described.

16. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relationl to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutter-head, with an adjustable saddle for the lower cutter-head, with a yoke for the cutter-head slidinglongitudinallywith relation to the saddle, and the lower cutterhead mounted in the yoke, with a pressure-bar after the out of the lower cutter-head mounted in the yoke, a toe for the bar, with means for adjusting the toe to and from the vertical plane of the cutter-head, with means for permitting sidewise movement of the yoke for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantially as described.

17. In a planing-machine, the combination of `a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutter-head, with an adjustable IOO IIO

saddle, a yoke thereon for the lower cutterhead, and a chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head before the cut and a pressure-bar for the lower cutter-head after the cut mounted on the saddle and adjustable therewith, with means for permitting the sidewise movement of the yoke for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantiallyasdescribed. Y

18. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutter-head, with an adjustable saddle, a yoke thereon for the lower cutterhead, vand a chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head before the cut and a pressure-bar for the lower cutter-head after the cut mounted on the saddle and adjustable therewith and movable independently thereof, with means for permitting the sidewise movement of the yoke for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantially as described.

19. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutter-head, with an adjustable saddle, a yoke thereon `for the lower cutterhead, and `a chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head before the cut and a pressure-bar for the lower cutter-head. after the cut mounted on the saddle and adjustable therewith,with a separate toe for the chip -breaker and a separate toe for the pressure-bar, with means for adjusting the toes to and from each other, with means for permitting sidewise movement of the yoke for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantially as described.

20. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutter-head, with an adjustable saddle for the lower cutter-head and a chipbreaker for the lower cutter-head before the cut and a pressure-bar for the lower cutterv head after the cut mounted on the saddle and adjustable therewith, with a slidable yoke interposed between the saddle and the lower cutter-head and pressure-bar and means for permitting sidewise movement of the yoke with its cutter-head and bar for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, with a separate toe for the chip-breaker and a separate toe for the pressure-bar, with means for adjusting the toes Ato and from each other, with the chip-breaker arranged to yield on the saddle-below the horizontal plane of the cutter-head, substantially as described.

' 21. In a planing-machine, the combination of aframe, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield below the horizontal plane of the cut of the lower cutter-head, with an adjustable saddle'for the lower cutter-head, and a chipbreaker for the lower cutter-head before the cut and a pressure-bar for the lower cutterhead after the cut mounted on the saddle and adjustable therewith, with a yoke interposed between the cutter-head with its pressurebar and the saddle and having slidable connection with the saddle, with means for permitting sidewise movement of the yoke for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantially as described.

22. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head with axis rigid with relation to the frame, an upper feedingin roll with axis rigid with relation to the frame, and a lower feeding-in roll arranged to yield below the horizontal plane ot the cut of the lower cutter-head, with an adjustable saddle for the lower cutter-head, and a chipbreaker for the lower cutter-head before the cut and a pressure-bar for the lower cutterhead after the cut mounted on the saddle and adjustable therewith, with a yoke interposed between the cutter-head with its pressure-bar and the saddle and having slidable connection with the saddle, with a worm-shaft and worm-rack for sliding the yoke with its cutter-head and pressure-bar longitudinally with relation to the saddle for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantially as described.

23. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head, a roll-housing extending transversely of the frame,an upper feeding-in roll with bearings rigid with relation to the housing, a lower cutter-head saddle,-with a feeding-in chip-breaker for the lower cutter-head mounted on the saddle, with a lower feeding-in roll, with the lower feeding-in roll and the chip-breaker arranged to be depressed bodily by the stock taking through the machine below the line of cut of the lower cutter-head, with a longitudinallyslidable yoke in which the lower cutter-head is mounted supported and sliding with relation to the saddle, with a work-support after the lower cutter-head, and means for raising and lowering the saddle with its chip-breaker and cutter-head to and from the plane of the work-support, with an adjustable pressure device above the lower cutter-head, with means for permitting sidewise movement of the yoke for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantially as described.

24. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, a lower cutter-head, a roll-housing extending transversely of the frame, an upper feeding-in roll with bearings rigid with relation to the housing, a lower cutter-head saddle, with a feeding-in chip-breaker for the lower cutterhead mounted on the saddle, with a lower feeding-in roll, with the lower feeding-in roll and the chip-breaker arranged 'to be depressed bodily by the stock taking through the machine below the line of cut of the lower cutter-head, with a longitudinallyslidable yoke in which the lower cutter-head with a pressure-'bar after its cut are mounted IIO supported and sliding with relation to the saddle, with a work-support after the lower cutter-head; and means for raising and lowering the saddle with its chip-breaker and cutter-head and its pressure-bar to and from the plane of the work-support, with means for permitting the movement of the chip-breaker and the pressure-bar to and from the plane of the cut of the cutter-head, with an adjustable pressure device above the lower cutterhead, with means for permitting sidewise movement of the yoke for exposing the cutter-head at the side of the machine, substantially as described.

25. In a planing-machine,the combination of a frame, with a lower yielding feed-roll, a rock-shaft, a lower cutter-head, with a chipbreaker in advance of the same, with an arm for the chip-breaker and anarm for the lower yielding feed-roll swingingly arranged about the same axis, with pressure devices for independently yieldinglyraisingthelowerfeedroll and the chip-breaker for the lower cntter-head, substantially as described.

26. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame, with a lower yielding feed-roll,` a rock-shaft, and an arm extending from the rock-shaft for yieldingly raising the lower roll, a lower cutter-head, with a chip-breaker in advance of the same, and a pressure-arm for the chip-breaker sleeved about the rockshaft, constructed and arranged for swinging the pressure device for the lower yielding roll and the pressure device for the chip-breaker independently about the same shaft, substantially as described.

27. In a planing-machine, the combination of a cutter-head, with a chip-breaker for the cutter-head, a plurality of links, with pivots therefor, and connections between the links and the chip-breaker, constructed and arranged for guiding the latter substantially concentrically about the cutter-head with its sole main tained substantially in the same plane horizontally with relation to the stock, with means for adjusting the chip-breaker to and from the cutter-head, substantially as described.

28. In a planing-machine, the combination of a cutter-head, with a chip-breaker for the cutter-head, a plurality of links, with pivots therefor, and connections between the links and the chipbreaker, constructed and arranged for guiding the latter substantially concentrically about the cutter-head with its sole maintained substantially in the same plane horizontally with relation to the stock, with a spring for yieldingly holding the chipbreaker against the stock, substantially as described.

29. In a planing-machine, the combination of a cutter-head, with a chip-breaker for the cutter-head, a plurality of links, with pivots therefor, and connections between the links and `the chip-breaker, constructed and arranged for guiding the latter substantially coneentrically about the cutter-head with its sole maintained substantially in the same plane horizontally with relation to the stock, with a spring for yieldingly holding the chipbreaker against the stock, with an adjustment for the spring, substantially as described.

80. In a planing-machine, the combination of a cutter-head upright, a cutter-head housing therefor, With means for raising and lowering the cutter-head housing with relation to the upright, bearings in the housing for the cutter-head, with an extension toward each side of the cutter-head on the housing, a secondary housing for the extension, with a plurality of links pivoted in the secondary housing, a chip-breaker, and a pivotal con- Ilection between each of the links and the chip-breaker, constructed and arranged for causing the chip-breaker to be moved with its parts maintained substantially in the same relative horizontal planes, with means for adjusting the housings on the extensions to and from the cutter-head, substantially as described.

31. In a planing-machine, the combination ot' a cutter-head upright, a cutter-head housing therefor, with means for raising and lowering the cutter-head housing with relation to therupright, bearings in the housing for the cutter-head, with an extension toward each side ot the cutter-head on the housing, a secondary housing for the extension, with a plurality of4 links pivoted in the secondary housing, a chip-breaker, and a pivotal connection between each of the links and the chipbreaker, constructed and arranged for causing the chip-breaker to be moved with its parts maintained substantially in the same relative horizontal planes, and an adjustable stop for limiting the movement of the chipbreaker, substantially as described.

i 32. In a planing-machine, the combination ot' a cutter-head upright, a cutter-head housing adjustable with relation thereto, bearings for the housing, a cross-girth connecting the bearings, and a presser-foot extending above the bed between the vertical spindles connecting with the cross-girth, with a pressurebar for the upper cutter-head between the cross-girth and cutter-head bearings, with means for adjusting the pressurebar independent of the presser-foot, substantially as described. t Y i 33. In a planing-machine, the combination of a cutter-head upright, a cutter-head housing thereon, with means for raising and lowering the cutter-head housing, vertical side spindles, a cross-girth for-the housing, with a pressure-bar for the cutter-head between the vertical plane of the cross-girth and the cutterhead, with means for adjusting the pressurebar, and a presser-foot, with a bracket, extending above the bed of the machine be- IOO IIO

tween theilongitudinal planes of the vertical spindles, with an adjustment between the bar and bracket, and arranged to steady the presser-foot from the cross-girth, substantially as described.

34. In a planing-machine, the combination of a cutter-head upright, a cutter-head housing thereon, with means for raising and lowering the cutter-head housing, vertical side spindles, a cross-girth for-the housing, with a pressure-bar for the cutter-head between the vertical plane of the girth and the cutter-head, with means for adjusting the pressure-bar, and a presser-foot, with a bracket, extending above the bed of the machine between the longitudinal planes of the vertical spindles, with an adjustment between the bar and bracket, means for adjusting the presser-foot and the bracket, and arranged to steady the presser-foot from the girth, substantially as described.

35. In a planing-machine, the combination with a lower cutter-head, of a lower chipbreaker therefor and a lower feedingin roll arranged to be depressed below their normal height by the stock, with means for permitting the chip-breaker to be adjusted with and independently of the lower cutter-head, and upper feeding and contact faces for the stock comprising upper feeding-in roll and a pressure device above the lower cutter-head secured against upward yield.

36. The combination, in a planing-machine having upper and lower cutter-heads, of the frame which carries the top feeding-rolls and which extends transversely of the main frame, with long Ways extending substantially the entire height of the frame inside the main frame, means for adjusting said frame and thereby giving simultaneous adjustment to the top feeding-rolls at both ends with means for driving the top feeding-rolls.

37. The combination, in a planing-machine with a main frame having upper and lower cutter-heads mounted therein, a roll-housing extending transverselyof the main frame, an vupper feeding-in roll therein, and long ways connecting the housing and the main frame at each side of the main frame in side the main frame and extending substantially the entire height of the main frame, with a lower feeding-inroll, with means for driving said upper feeding-in roll from the main frame.

38. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame having upper and lower cutterv heads mounted therein, and a roll-housing,

which carries the top feeding-rolls adjustable as an entirety while carrying said rolls and thereby giving simultaneous adjustment to said top feeding-rolls at both ends, means for performing said adjustment, with said rollhousing extending transversely of the frame, and long ways connecting the housing and the frame at each side of the frame inside the frame and extending substantially the entire height of the frame, a lower feeding-roll, with means for driving the top feeding-rolls from the main frame, substantially as described.

39. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame having upper and lower cutterheads mounted therein, and a roll-housing, which carries the top feeding-in rolls, adjustable as an entirety while carrying said rolls and thereby giving simultaneous adjustment to said top feeding-in rolls at both ends, means for performing said adjustment, with said roll-housing extending transversely of the frame, and long ways connecting the hou sing and the frame at each side of and inside the frame and extending substantially the entire height of the frame, a lower feeding-in roll, spur-gearing on the frame, spur-gearing on the said feeding-in rolls in the housing, and spur expansion-gearing at the feeding-iu side of said feeding-in rolls between the gearing in the frame and the gearing on the feeding-in rolls, substantially-as described.

40. In a planing-machine, the combination of a frame having upper and lower cutterheads mounted therein, and a roll-housing, which carries the top feeding-rolls, adjustable as an entirety while carrying said rolls and thereby giving simultaneous adjustment to said top feeding-rolls at both ends, means for performing said adjustment, with said rollhousing extending transversely of the frame, and long Ways in the inside of the frame at each side of the frame connecting the housing and the frame and extending substantially the entire height of the frame, a lowerv feeding-roll, with means for driving the top feeding-rolls from the main frame, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name hereto in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

` .lOl-IN R. THOMAS. IVitnesses:

PARKE S. JOHNSON, PHILIP W. Tozznn.

IOO 

